By the Research Team, Institute of Technology and Cybersecurity, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations [MSS] . Reprinted from the “China Modern International Relations Research Institute” WeChat public account 作者为现代院科技与网络安全研究所课题组，文章转自“中国现代国际关系研究院”公众号）http://comment.cfisnet.com/2025/0515/1331949.html
Translated by Sinocism.com
Currently, the United States is advancing its global layout in the field of AI with a very clear underlying logic: “open source” and “diversion.” “Open source” refers to vigorously disseminating American-style technology to open the source for the promotion and development of U.S. AI. “Diversion” refers to suppressing China’s global AI discourse power and diverting the flow of China’s AI promotion and development. The U.S. is seeking to achieve its stated goal of “competing and winning against China” and maintaining its leadership in AI by building a so-called “de-Sinicized” global AI ecosystem.
目前，美国在AI领域的全球布局已在推进，其背后的逻辑主线非常清晰，即“开源”和“截流”。“开源”即大力铺广美式技术，开美国AI推广发展之源。“截流”即压制中国AI全球话语权，截中国AI推广发展之流。美国正通过打造一个所谓“去中国化”的AI全球生态来达到所谓竞赢中国，维护其在AI领域主导地位的目标。
On May 13, 2025 (local time), the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) published a notice titled “U.S. Department of Commerce Rescinds Biden-Era AI Diffusion Rule, Strengthens Chip-Related Export Controls,” formally repealing the “AI Diffusion Rule” issued by the Biden administration on January 15, 2025, which was set to take effect on May 15, 2025 (hereinafter the “Rule”). At the same time, it announced three “Guiding Principles” to “strengthen export controls on overseas AI chips,” with a high level of China-specific content. In light of recent developments in U.S. politics and industry—and after a period of “intense debates” and multiple “trial balloons”—U.S. containment of Chinese AI has officially entered the “Trump 2.0 era.”
当地时间2025年5月13日，美国商务部工业和安全局（BIS）网站发布《美国商务部撤销拜登时代人工智能扩散规则，加强芯片相关出口管制》的通知，正式废除拜登政府2025年1月15日发布、计划于2025年5月15日生效的《人工智能扩散规则》（以下简称《规则》），同时宣布“加强对海外AI芯片出口管制”的三条“指导意见”，相关内容“含华量”高。结合近期美国政界、产业界的相关动向，经历了一段时间的“朝野大辩论”与多轮“放风试水”之后，美国对华AI遏压正式进入“特朗普2.0时代”。
一、《规则》废除的台前幕后
The Trump administration, along with tech giants led by NVIDIA, was extremely dissatisfied with the “Rule.” They believed that although it could to some extent prevent AI technology from “spilling over into China,” it would impose heavy new regulatory burdens on U.S. companies, damage AI cooperation with allies, and even push some countries toward the Chinese camp. Meanwhile, the Trump administration publicly solicited opinions on a comprehensive AI strategy—such as an “Artificial Intelligence Action Plan” and related R&D strategies. In short, the “great debate” over the overall strategic planning for AI in the United States was in full swing. Months of coverage by Reuters, Bloomberg, and others clearly show that after multiple rounds of discussion, the “Rule” itself evolved from being “ripe for modification” to being “advocated for complete repeal.”
特朗普政府及以英伟达为首的科技巨头对《规则》极为不满，认为《规则》虽能一定程度防止AI技术“扩散中国”，但不仅将使美企承担繁重的新监管要求，还会破坏美国与盟友间的AI合作关系，甚至会将有关国家“推向”中国阵营。与此同时，特朗普政府还就AI领域“一揽子”战略规划面向社会公开征集意见，如“人工智能行动计划”以及相关研发战略等。可以说，美国内部围绕AI领域的整体战略规划的“朝野大辩论”如火如荼。从路透社、彭博社等媒体几个月的持续关注与报道中，可以清晰地看到经过多轮讨论，《规则》本身经历了从“倾向修改”到“主张废除”的过程。
Consequently, on the eve of the Rule’s scheduled enforcement, the U.S. government “hurriedly” issued a notice and released “Guiding Principles”: first, to fill the “gap period” before any truly new regulation comes into effect, preventing confusion in the tech and industrial sectors; second, to further set the “weathervane,” sending a clear signal to the outside world. Although only “Guiding Principles,” they essentially reflect the tone and priorities of upcoming “new regulations”—in the “Trump 2.0” period, export controls on China will only tighten, never loosen.
因此，在《规则》即将正式生效之际，美国政府必然“赶紧”发布通知并颁布“指导性意见”，一是“填充”真正“新规”出台前的“空窗期”，以免科技界与产业界出现“无所适从”的混乱；二是进一步树立“风向标”，向外界传递明确信号。虽然只是“指导性意见”，但它基本反映了未来“新规”必然基调与主张，“特朗普2.0”时期对华出口管制力度将只增不减。
二、“指导意见”的“含华量”高
Nominally, the three “Guiding Principles” are to “strengthen export controls on overseas AI chips,” but in reality their objective of containing China is far more pronounced.
三条“指导意见”名义上称为“加强对海外AI芯片出口管制”，实际上“遏华”目标更加突出。
Hardline Measure 1: “Any use of Huawei’s Ascend chips anywhere in the world violates U.S. export controls.”